Best Nootropics for Energy in 2026: 6 Options Compared

Published: November 6, 2026 · Last updated: November 6, 2026 · By NooBlue Editorial · 6 products compared · About our editorial standards

Most people who look up nootropics for energy are not chasing a buzz. They want to get through a full day with a clear head, without the jittery start and the flat, foggy middle that a coffee habit can bring. The shelf makes that choice harder than it should be. Products with very different ingredients all promise “clean energy”, and very few labels tell you how that energy is supposed to arrive.

So we sorted the options by the route they take. Some products work on how your cells make energy. Some block the tiredness signal for a few hours with a modest dose of caffeine, softened by an amino acid. One tops up the energy reserve your brain draws on when it is short of sleep. Once you know which route a product takes, it is much easier to match it to the kind of tired you actually feel.

We make methylene blue under the NooBlue name, so two of our own products are in this list and our gummies are ranked first. We say that up front. Every competitor price below was read from the brand’s own product page on November 6, 2026, and every study we cite was checked against its PubMed record on the same day. We also did something most roundups skip: for each product, we compared the dose on the label with the dose used in the human study behind it.

Nootropics for energy at a glance: our 2026 ranking

The table ranks all six products. Price per serving uses the one-time price on each brand’s own site divided by the servings in one pack, using the serving size printed on the label. Subscription and bundle prices are left out so every row uses the same basis. The “label vs study dose” column is the part we think matters most. A product can contain a well-studied ingredient and still give you a fraction of the amount the study used.

Prices are in US dollars and were checked on November 6, 2026. Brands change prices often, so check the product page before you buy. The NooBlue rows use the live store price. Neuro’s cost is per piece, and many people chew one or two, so its real daily cost depends on how you use it.

Why your energy runs low: check these first

A nootropic can help at the margins, but it cannot outwork the most common reasons people feel drained. Run through this list before you buy anything. If one of these fits, fixing it will do more than any product in this guide.

Short or broken sleep

One short night slows your reactions and shortens your patience the next day. Three in a row make every task feel heavy. Nothing in a bottle replaces those hours. If poor sleep is your pattern, our guide to clearing brain fog after a short night covers what helps first.

Food, iron and hydration

Long gaps between meals, a lunch built on refined carbs, low iron and mild dehydration all show up as tiredness. Low iron is common in people who menstruate and in people who eat little red meat, and a simple blood test can check it. Our article on why you might always feel tired walks through the usual suspects in order.

The caffeine cycle

Caffeine works by blocking adenosine, the chemical that builds up through the day and makes you feel sleepy. It does not remove the adenosine. When the caffeine wears off, the backlog lands all at once, and that is the dip many people call a crash. A second cup then sets up the next one. Our guide to why caffeine crashes happen explains the timing, and our piece on how caffeine tolerance builds explains why the same cup does less each month.

Stress that keeps you wired

Long stretches of pressure can leave you feeling alert and exhausted at once. That state responds poorly to more stimulation. If that sounds familiar, read our article on feeling wired but tired before you add caffeine of any kind.

See a doctor if your tiredness lasts more than a few weeks, keeps getting worse, or comes with other symptoms such as weight change, breathlessness, low mood or unusual bruising. Ongoing tiredness can have medical causes that a supplement will not fix and should not hide.

The cellular link: where steady energy comes from

Every cell in your body makes its working energy in mitochondria, small structures that turn food and oxygen into ATP, the molecule cells spend to do their jobs. Your brain is a heavy user. It is about 2% of body weight but uses roughly a fifth of the body’s energy at rest, which is why a short night or a long day can show up as slower thinking before you feel physically tired. Our explainer on what cellular energy is covers the basics, and our cornerstone guide on how to improve mitochondrial function covers the habits that matter most: sleep, movement, steady meals and time outdoors.

Methylene blue is interesting here because of its redox chemistry. It can accept electrons and pass them on, which lets it act as an alternative electron carrier inside the mitochondrial energy chain. In a study published in the FASEB Journal, human fibroblast cells grown in a lab and exposed to low concentrations of methylene blue showed higher activity of complex IV, a key enzyme in the energy chain, and used more oxygen. That is cell research. It shows a mechanism, and it does not tell you what a supplement will do in your body.

The human evidence is smaller but direct. In a randomized, placebo-controlled trial published in Radiology, 26 healthy adults aged 22 to 62 took a single low oral dose of methylene blue or a placebo. One hour later, brain scans showed stronger responses in regions used for sustained attention and short-term memory, and the methylene blue group gave 7% more correct answers on a memory retrieval task. It was one dose, in a lab, in a small group. We read it as a promising signal, and we would not call it proof.

How each nootropic for energy works: four routes

Here is the original part of this guide. Instead of listing ingredients, we grouped the six products by the route they take to make you feel more energetic. The route tells you how fast you will notice it, how long it lasts and what the trade-off is.

• Cellular route (methylene blue). Supports how mitochondria produce energy. No caffeine, so there is no adenosine backlog waiting at the end. The human trial measured effects one hour after a dose. Picks #1 and #6.
• Measured stimulant route (caffeine with L-theanine). Blocks the tiredness signal for four to six hours. L-theanine, an amino acid from tea, is paired with caffeine to take the edge off. You feel it within the hour, and the wear-off still comes. Picks #2 and #5.
• Energy reserve route (creatine). Creatine tops up phosphocreatine, a quick backup store that cells use to rebuild ATP when demand spikes. It builds over weeks of daily use rather than in an hour. Pick #3.
• Stack route (many ingredients at once). Combines caffeine with choline sources, amino acids, herbs and vitamins. Convenient, expensive and hard to judge, because you cannot tell which ingredient is doing what. Pick #4.

If you already drink coffee and still feel flat, adding more of the stimulant route rarely fixes it. In that case the cellular or reserve routes are the more useful experiment. If you rarely drink caffeine and want a dependable lift for a long drive or a late meeting, the measured stimulant route makes sense. Our article on what caffeine does to dopamine explains why the lift can feel motivating at first and less so with daily use.

#1. NooBlue Methylene Blue Gummies: Best Overall for Steady Energy With No Caffeine

NooBlue Methylene Blue Gummies take the top spot because they work on the energy supply itself and ask nothing of your schedule. Each gummy contains 10 mg of USP-grade methylene blue and 25 mg of vitamin C in a soft pectin chew with a wild blueberry flavor, zero sugar and six calories. A bottle holds 60 gummies, which is a 60-day supply at one a day. You take one with breakfast and that is the whole routine.

That once-a-day rhythm is the reason we rank it first for energy. A caffeine product asks you to keep topping up, and each top-up sets the timing of your next dip. A gummy taken in the morning has no second dose to plan and no adenosine backlog waiting for you at three o’clock. The Radiology trial above measured its effects one hour after a single dose, roughly the gap between breakfast and the start of your working morning. For more on onset, see our guide to how long methylene blue takes to work, and for the wider picture read our article on methylene blue for energy.

The vitamin C has a job beyond flavor. Vitamin C can donate electrons in methylene blue’s redox chemistry, which is why we pair the two in one chew. The gummies are designed to avoid the blue-mouth mess that puts people off liquid methylene blue, and the purple color comes from blueberry extract. No product can promise a stain-free outcome for everyone. If you want to know what the research does and does not show for this format, read our review of whether methylene blue gummies are effective.

On testing, Contract Testing Laboratories of America (CTLA) analyzed the methylene blue ingredient, and the full Certificate of Analysis is published on the product page. That report covers the raw ingredient. It does not measure the finished gummy’s absorption, and we do not claim that it does.

Key specs: 10 mg methylene blue USP + 25 mg vitamin C per gummy · 60 gummies · zero sugar, 6 calories · published CTLA Certificate of Analysis for the methylene blue ingredient · $49.99 per bottle ($0.83 per day).

Pros:

• Works on cellular energy, a route none of the caffeine picks here take
• Precisely dosed 10 mg, a standard daily amount within the low-dose range
• No caffeine, so it does not add to your daily total or push your sleep later
• Third-party tested, with a published CTLA Certificate of Analysis

Cons:

• The human evidence is one small single-dose trial plus cell research
• Costs more per day than the creatine pick
• Not suitable if you take serotonergic medicines (see the safety section)

Best For: healthy adults who feel their energy fade as the day goes on and want one simple daily step that supports mitochondrial energy and focus without more caffeine.

Try NooBlue Methylene Blue Gummies →

#2. Performance Lab Caffeine 2: Best for a Measured Caffeine Lift

Performance Lab Caffeine 2 is the most carefully dosed caffeine product we found. Each capsule holds 50 mg of natural caffeine from robusta coffee seeds, 100 mg of L-theanine and 250 mg of L-tyrosine, plus small amounts of vitamins B2, B6, B12 and folate. That is about half the caffeine of a regular cup of coffee. The bottle holds 30 capsules for $44.00, which works out to $1.47 per capsule. The label suggests one to two capsules on an empty stomach and a maximum of five a day.

Here is why it ranks second. The caffeine and L-theanine amounts match the exact doses used in a placebo-controlled study published in Nutritional Neuroscience. In that study, 27 healthy volunteers took 50 mg of caffeine with or without 100 mg of L-theanine. Caffeine alone improved how alert people felt at 60 minutes. The pair improved both speed and accuracy on an attention-switching task at 60 minutes and made people less distracted during a memory task at 60 and 90 minutes. Very few products on the shelf give you the studied amounts in one capsule, so this one stands out.

The added L-tyrosine is the building block your body uses to make dopamine and noradrenaline. A review in the Journal of Psychiatric Research concluded that tyrosine may help keep mental performance steady under acute stress or heavy cognitive demand in healthy people, with little sign of benefit outside those conditions. In plain terms, it is most useful on hard days.

The trade-off is the one every caffeine product shares. The tiredness signal is held back, and it returns when the caffeine wears off, usually four to six hours later. Keep the last capsule well before mid-afternoon. If you also drink coffee, count both. Our article on combining methylene blue and caffeine covers how a morning cup fits with our gummies.

Key specs: 50 mg natural caffeine, 100 mg L-theanine, 250 mg L-tyrosine per capsule · 30 capsules · pullulan capsule · $44.00 one-time price ($1.47 per capsule).

Pros:

• Caffeine and L-theanine amounts match a published trial dose
• Small 50 mg caffeine serving makes it easy to adjust
• Short ingredient list you can read in seconds

Cons:

• Still a stimulant, so the wear-off dip still comes
• Most expensive per serving of the single-purpose picks
• Tyrosine is unsuitable for people taking MAO inhibitor medicines

Best For: people who want a small, predictable caffeine lift for a demanding morning or a long drive, at a dose that matches the research.

View Performance Lab Caffeine 2 on the official site →

#3. Thorne Creatine: Best for Short-Sleep Weeks

Thorne Creatine is plain creatine monohydrate, 5 g per scoop, with 90 servings in a tub for $44. That is $0.49 per serving. Thorne states the product is NSF Certified for Sport, which means an independent body tests batches for banned substances and checks that the label matches the contents. It mixes into water, coffee or a smoothie and has almost no taste.

Creatine is best known in the gym, but your brain uses it too. Cells store creatine as phosphocreatine, a fast backup that rebuilds ATP when demand jumps. Sleep loss drains that store. A 2024 study in Scientific Reports gave people a single high dose of creatine, 0.35 g per kilogram of body weight, during a night without sleep. Brain scans showed changes in the brain’s energy compounds, and the creatine group did better on cognitive tests and processing speed than the placebo group.

Read the dose carefully, though. For a 70 kg adult that study dose works out to about 24.5 g in one go, around five times a normal scoop. The authors also note that creatine usually reaches the brain slowly and that the earlier studies used weeks of daily intake. So the honest way to use this product for mental energy is 5 g every day for several weeks, especially if your sleep is often short. It is a reserve you build. You will not feel it in an hour.

Creatine fits well next to our gummies because the two take different routes, and neither adds caffeine. If you are tired after an illness or a rough patch, start with the basics in our guide to getting your energy back after being sick before adding anything.

Key specs: 5 g creatine monohydrate per scoop · 90 servings · NSF Certified for Sport (brand statement) · $44 one-time price ($0.49 per serving).

Pros:

• Caffeine-free and inexpensive per day
• Human study during sleep loss measured brain energy compounds directly
• Independent sport certification for batch testing

Cons:

• Builds over weeks, so nothing to feel on day one
• The sleep-loss study used a single dose far above a normal scoop
• A powder to measure and mix, which some people skip on busy days

Best For: people whose sleep is often cut short by work, travel or young children, who want a caffeine-free daily habit that tops up the brain’s energy reserve.

View Thorne Creatine on the official site →

#4. Qualia Mind: Best All-in-One Formula

Qualia Mind is the most complex product here. One serving is six capsules and contains 100 mg of caffeine from coffee fruit extract, guarana and anhydrous caffeine, along with acetyl-L-carnitine, rhodiola, N-acetyl-L-tyrosine, L-theanine, taurine, lion’s mane, ginkgo, alpha-GPC, phosphatidylserine, citicoline, PQQ and a long list of B vitamins and plant extracts. A box of 120 capsules gives 20 servings and costs $159 at the one-time price. That is $7.95 per serving, by far the highest in this list. The brand suggests taking it five days on and two days off each week.

The appeal is simple: one product covers several routes at once, with a stimulant for the immediate lift and choline sources, amino acids and herbs for the longer game. For someone who wants to stop buying five bottles, that convenience is real. The caffeine dose is also moderate, roughly a cup of coffee.

The difficulty is judging it. With so many ingredients, many sit at amounts that are hard to compare with their own studies, and you cannot tell which one is helping. For this ranking we checked the evidence for individual ingredients only, not for the full formula, so we rank it below the products whose labels line up with a study. If you go this way, run it for a few weeks and track how you feel on the off days as well as the on days.

Key specs: 6 capsules per serving · 100 mg caffeine per serving · 19 named active ingredients plus vitamins and minerals · 120 capsules, 20 servings · $159 one-time price ($7.95 per serving).

Pros:

• Covers stimulant, amino acid and choline routes in one product
• Moderate caffeine dose per serving
• Saves buying several separate bottles

Cons:

• By far the most expensive per serving
• Six capsules a day is a lot to swallow
• Hard to tell which ingredient is responsible for any effect

Best For: people who want one formula covering several energy and focus routes and are comfortable paying for that convenience.

View Qualia Mind on the official site →

#5. Neuro Energy & Focus Gum: Best On-the-Go Top-Up

Neuro Energy & Focus Gum puts 40 mg of natural caffeine and L-theanine into each sugar-free piece. A 90-piece pack costs $30.99 at the one-time price, which is $0.34 per piece and the lowest cost per serving in this comparison. It also comes in 54-piece packs and larger sizes, in several mint and cinnamon flavors.

Gum has one real advantage over a capsule: you can take a small amount exactly when you need it, without water, and stop there. One piece gives a little under half a regular coffee. That makes it handy for the second half of a long drive or a late meeting where a full cup would cost you sleep. The caffeine sits slightly below the 50 mg used in the Nutritional Neuroscience study above, and the product page we read does not print the L-theanine amount per piece, so we cannot say whether that part matches the trial. We rank it below Performance Lab for that reason.

The same caution applies as for any caffeine product: the dip still comes, and pieces add up quickly if you chew them like regular gum. Track your total for the day. If you are curious how caffeine gum compares with methylene blue for workday focus, our ranking of nootropics for productivity sets the two side by side.

Key specs: 40 mg natural caffeine plus L-theanine per piece · sugar-free · 90 pieces · $30.99 one-time price ($0.34 per piece).

Pros:

• Lowest cost per serving in this comparison
• Small, flexible dose you can take without water
• Easy to carry for travel or long drives

Cons:

• L-theanine amount per piece not shown on the product page
• Easy to overdo if you chew several pieces in a row
• Caffeine wear-off still applies

Best For: people who want a quick, portable caffeine top-up for specific moments rather than a daily routine.

View Neuro Energy & Focus Gum on the official site →

#6. NooBlue Ultimate Methylene Blue Capsules: Best for a Gentle 5 mg Start

NooBlue Ultimate Methylene Blue Capsules hold 5 mg of USP-grade methylene blue and 10 mg of vitamin C in a neutral vegetable capsule. There are 60 capsules in a bottle, one a day, so a bottle lasts 60 days. At $37.99 that is $0.63 per day.

Many people prefer to try a new supplement at the lowest sensible amount before a busy week, and the 5 mg capsule is built for that. It is the beginner rung on the dose ladder. The 10 mg gummy is the standard daily dose within the low-dose range once you know methylene blue suits you. Our guide to how many mg of methylene blue to take per day explains how people usually move between the two, and our comparison of methylene blue gummies vs capsules sets out the format trade-offs.

The capsule has no taste, which suits people who would rather swallow than chew. It shares the same research base and the same ingredient-level CTLA Certificate of Analysis as our gummies, and the same safety rules apply. If you want to understand daily use over months, read our guide on whether methylene blue is safe to take daily.

Key specs: 5 mg methylene blue USP + 10 mg vitamin C per capsule · 60 capsules · vegetable capsule · published CTLA Certificate of Analysis for the methylene blue ingredient · $37.99 per bottle ($0.63 per day).

Pros:

• Lowest-dose way to try the cellular route
• Precision dosing in a tasteless capsule
• No caffeine, so it pairs easily with a morning coffee if you keep one

Cons:

• Same limited human evidence as the gummies
• A capsule to swallow, which some people dislike
• Not suitable with serotonergic medicines

Best For: first-time methylene blue users who want to start at 5 mg and step up to the 10 mg gummy later.

Shop Capsules →

How we evaluated these nootropics for energy

We scored each product on five criteria. Because we sell two of these products, this is our ranking, not an independent one, and our gummies are placed first. Competitor facts come from each brand’s own product page, and we describe their certifications as the brand’s own statements.

• Purity and testing (30%): USP-grade actives, a published Certificate of Analysis or an independent certification scored highest.
• Human evidence (25%): randomized trials in healthy adults scored above small pilots, which scored above cell research.
• Label vs study dose (20%): products that deliver the amount used in their key study scored above products that use the ingredient at a lower or unstated amount.
• Price per serving (15%): one-time price divided by label servings, so every row uses the same basis.
• Ease of daily use (10%): one serving a day, no measuring and no timing rules scored highest.

We did not run our own trials on any product, and we did not take part in any of the studies cited. The “label vs study dose” score is a simple comparison of two printed numbers. It tells you whether a product could plausibly reproduce a study’s conditions. It does not prove that it will.

How to test a nootropic for energy without fooling yourself

Energy is easy to misjudge. A good night’s sleep, a sunny day or a quiet inbox can make any product look brilliant. A few simple rules make your own trial more honest.

1. Change one thing at a time. Start one product, keep your coffee, sleep and meals the same, and give it at least a week before you add anything else.
2. Match the test to the route. Judge a caffeine product within the first hour. Judge methylene blue over the first one to two hours and then across a full day. Judge creatine after three to four weeks of daily use, because that is how it builds.
3. Write down one number. Rate your energy at 11 am and 3 pm from 1 to 10 each day. A short note beats memory, which tends to remember the best day.
4. Include off days. Skip the product for two or three days and see whether the 3 pm number drops. If nothing changes, the product may not be doing much for you.

If your scores stay low whatever you try, go back to the list of common causes at the top of this guide and talk to a doctor. Our article on mental fatigue and how to recover is a good next read for tiredness that feels more mental than physical.

Want to try methylene blue? NooBlue gummies give 10 mg with 25 mg of vitamin C and no blue mouth; the capsules give a fixed 5 mg with nothing to measure.

Get the 10 mg gummies · $49.99 Get the 5 mg capsules · $37.99

Not for use with serotonergic medicines, in G6PD deficiency, in pregnancy or breastfeeding, or under 18.

Prefer a chewable? We rank the top-rated methylene blue gummies on dose, purity and published lab reports. Shopping around? Our guide on buying methylene blue in stores or online covers each route and what to check with it.

Safety: who should skip methylene blue and caffeine products

The MAO-A finding comes from laboratory work on the purified human enzyme published in the British Journal of Pharmacology, which found methylene blue to be a potent, reversible inhibitor of MAO-A. That is why the medication warning matters even at supplement doses. Our guide to what not to take with methylene blue lists the medicine groups to check.

For the caffeine picks, the main rule is your daily total. According to MedlinePlus, up to 400 mg of caffeine a day is not harmful for most people, caffeine peaks in the blood within about an hour, and its effects can last four to six hours. Count coffee, tea, energy drinks, gum and capsules together. People who are pregnant, sensitive to caffeine, easily jittery or taking stimulant medicines should keep well below that. L-tyrosine, found in Performance Lab Caffeine 2 and Qualia Mind, is also unsuitable for anyone taking an MAO inhibitor. Creatine is well studied in healthy adults, but check with your doctor first if you have kidney problems.

FAQ: nootropics for energy

What is the best nootropic for energy?

NooBlue Methylene Blue Gummies are our top pick because a precisely dosed 10 mg of USP-grade methylene blue supports mitochondrial energy and focus once a day, with no caffeine. If you prefer a small caffeine lift, Performance Lab Caffeine 2 matches the 50 mg caffeine and 100 mg L-theanine dose used in a published trial.

Do nootropics for energy actually work?

Performance Lab Caffeine 2 shows what the evidence can support: its caffeine and L-theanine pairing improved attention-switching speed and accuracy in a small placebo-controlled study. Other ingredients have smaller or less direct evidence. Think of any nootropic as one lever next to sleep, food, movement and how you plan your day. If you prefer products sold without a prescription, our best OTC nootropics ranking compares six of them.

Which nootropics give energy without caffeine?

NooBlue Methylene Blue Gummies and Thorne Creatine are the two caffeine-free picks in this guide. Methylene blue supports how mitochondria make energy, and creatine tops up the brain’s phosphocreatine reserve over weeks of daily use. Both can sit alongside a single morning coffee if you keep one.

How fast do nootropics for energy work?

Neuro Energy & Focus Gum and other caffeine products work fastest, usually within an hour. The methylene blue trial measured effects one hour after a single dose. Creatine builds over several weeks of daily use, so you should not expect to feel it on the first day.

Is it safe to take an energy nootropic every day?

NooBlue’s methylene blue products are designed for once-a-day use by healthy adults at low doses of 5 to 10 mg. Do not take methylene blue with SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs or other serotonergic medicines, if you have G6PD deficiency, or if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. For caffeine products, keep your total from all sources within sensible daily limits and stop by early afternoon.

Methylene blue or caffeine pills: which lasts longer?

NooBlue Methylene Blue Gummies are taken once in the morning and add no caffeine, so there is no wear-off dip built into the routine. Caffeine pills block the tiredness signal for about four to six hours, then the backlog returns. Many people keep one morning coffee and use methylene blue for steadier energy across the day.

What energy drinks contain nootropics?

Neuro Energy & Focus Gum offers the caffeine and L-theanine pairing found in many drinks sold as nootropic energy drinks, without the sugar or the can. When you read a drink label, look for the caffeine amount per serving and whether L-theanine, tyrosine or B vitamins are listed with amounts, not hidden in a blend.

What dose of methylene blue should I start with for energy?

NooBlue Ultimate Methylene Blue Capsules at 5 mg are the usual starting point. Once you know it suits you, the 10 mg gummy is a standard daily dose within the low-dose range. Take it once a day in the morning, with food; our guide to the best time to take methylene blue explains why earlier suits most people.

The verdict

For most healthy adults choosing among nootropics for energy, NooBlue Methylene Blue Gummies are the clear winner because they support cellular energy once a day, add no caffeine and carry a published Certificate of Analysis. If you want a small caffeine lift that matches the research, go with Performance Lab Caffeine 2. If short sleep is your weak point, build a reserve with Thorne Creatine at $0.49 a day. For one formula that covers several routes, Qualia Mind is the all-in-one option, at a premium. For a portable top-up, Neuro Energy & Focus Gum costs the least per serving. New to methylene blue? Start with NooBlue Ultimate Methylene Blue Capsules at 5 mg.

Whatever you choose, fix sleep and meals first, pick one route, and judge it over the time frame its evidence used. If you want to cut back on coffee altogether, our guide to the best caffeine alternatives for focus covers that path. For a ranking of methylene blue brands on their own, see our guide to the best methylene blue supplements, and for a wider view of how it compares with other brain supplements, read our comparison of methylene blue and other nootropics.

Sources

• Atamna H, et al. Methylene blue delays cellular senescence and enhances key mitochondrial biochemical pathways (human IMR90 fibroblast culture). FASEB Journal, 2008 (PMID 17928358).
• Rodriguez P, et al. Multimodal randomized functional MR imaging of the effects of methylene blue in the human brain. Radiology, 2016 (PMID 27351678).
• Owen GN, et al. The combined effects of L-theanine and caffeine on cognitive performance and mood. Nutritional Neuroscience, 2008 (PMID 18681988).
• Gordji-Nejad A, et al. Single dose creatine improves cognitive performance and induces changes in cerebral high energy phosphates during sleep deprivation. Scientific Reports, 2024 (PMID 38418482).
• Jongkees BJ, et al. Effect of tyrosine supplementation on clinical and healthy populations under stress or cognitive demands, a review. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2015 (PMID 26424423).
• Ramsay RR, et al. Methylene blue and serotonin toxicity: inhibition of monoamine oxidase A. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2007 (PMID 17721552).
• MedlinePlus. Caffeine. U.S. National Library of Medicine.