Best Anti-Aging Supplements Backed by Research in 2026: 8 Products Compared

“Anti-aging supplement” covers two different promises. One is about how skin looks: firmness, fine lines and hydration. The other is about what happens inside cells as the years pass. Mitochondria make energy less efficiently, NAD+ levels fall, the cell’s recycling system (autophagy) slows, and worn-out senescent cells build up. The new anti-aging supplements of the last few years, such as NAD+ precursors, urolithin A and spermidine, target that second group. This guide compares eight anti-aging pills, capsules and powders across both goals, using each brand’s own label and price as of Sep 2026.

We read the trials behind each ingredient and report what they measured, who paid for them and what they did not find. That last part matters. Most of the strongest-sounding results come from cells and mice, and the human trials measure blood markers, muscle tests or skin scores over a few months. None of them measures how long people live, so read any label that promises younger cells with caution.

NooBlue makes methylene blue capsules, gummies and drops, and our methylene blue is our pick at #1. We have a commercial interest in that choice. Every figure for the other seven products comes from their own product pages, which we read in September 2026. We did not lab-test any competitor product, and where a claim could not be checked, we left it out.

The 8 Best Anti-Aging Supplements Compared (Sep 2026)

Prices are each brand’s one-time price for one container, as of Sep 2026. Cost per serving uses the serving printed on the label. Subscriptions and multi-packs cost less at most of these brands.

#1. NooBlue Methylene Blue: Our Pick

Methylene blue is a small dye molecule that works inside the mitochondrial electron transport chain, the set of enzymes that turns food into ATP, the cell’s energy currency. A 2012 review in Progress in Neurobiology by Rojas, Bruchey and Gonzalez-Lima described it as an electron cycler at low doses, pointed to the enzyme cytochrome oxidase as a major target, and noted a hormetic dose response, in which low and high doses have opposite effects (Rojas et al., 2012). That dose response is the reason we sell low, fixed doses rather than large ones.

The anti-aging interest comes mainly from a 2017 study in Scientific Reports by Xiong and colleagues. In cultured human skin fibroblasts, methylene blue was more effective than several widely used antioxidants at stimulating cell growth and delaying cellular senescence. Applied to a lab-grown 3D model of human skin, it improved skin viability, hydration and dermis thickness, raised the expression of elastin and collagen 2A1, and caused no irritation even at high concentrations (Xiong et al., 2017). That is laboratory work on cells and tissue models, with methylene blue applied directly. It is not a trial of people taking a supplement.

The lifespan evidence is modest, and we would rather you hear it from us. The Interventions Testing Program, which tests candidate compounds in genetically diverse mice at three sites, gave methylene blue a full lifespan study. It did not change median lifespan in males or females, though it produced a small 6% increase in maximum lifespan in females (Harrison et al., 2014).

So why is it our pick? It supports cellular energy at the point that aging research focuses on, it comes as a low fixed dose, and at $0.63 a day it costs less than any other daily product on this list. Each capsule holds 5 mg of methylene blue USP and 10 mg of vitamin C in a rice flour and cellulose capsule. Contract Testing Laboratories of America (CTLA) analyzed the methylene blue ingredient, lot 2025022801, and recorded an HPLC identity result of “Conforms” plus individual results for heavy metals. That report covers the raw ingredient rather than every finished batch, and it gives no purity percentage. Our quality and testing page links the full certificate, and our certificate of analysis guide explains how to read one.

• Label: 5 mg methylene blue USP and 10 mg vitamin C per capsule, 60 capsules, one a day with food.
• Price: $37.99, or $0.63 a capsule. Two bottles save 10%, three save 15% and five save 20%.
• Other formats: gummies with 10 mg of methylene blue and 25 mg of vitamin C in a Wild Blueberry, zero-sugar chew for $49.99 ($0.83 each), and 1% drops at 0.5 mg per drop, about 100 servings of 5 mg per 50 mL bottle, for $29.99 ($0.30 a serving).
• Color: urine can turn blue or green, which is expected with a blue dye. The drops can stain the mouth, skin and fabric. NooBlue gummies don’t leave that blue mouth, and capsules are swallowed.

Who it suits: adults who want a low daily dose aimed at cellular energy and who pass the safety checks below. Who it doesn’t: anyone taking SSRIs, SNRIs, MAO inhibitors or opioids, anyone with G6PD deficiency, and anyone pregnant or breastfeeding. Our guide to methylene blue for anti-aging goes through the evidence in more detail, and our methylene blue dosage guide covers how people start. You can see the NooBlue capsules here.

#2. Tru Niagen 300 mg: Best for Raising NAD+

Tru Niagen contains nicotinamide riboside (NR) chloride, sold under the Niagen name. Each vegetarian capsule holds 300 mg, and one capsule is the label serving. The 30-count bottle costs $49.00, or $1.63 a day, and the 90-count bottle costs $127.00. NR is a form of vitamin B3 that the body turns into NAD+, a coenzyme that many enzymes need for energy metabolism. Sirtuins, a family of enzymes that aging research has studied for years, are among the enzymes that depend on NAD+.

Its evidence is the clearest on this list for a blood marker. In an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in overweight but otherwise healthy adults, 100, 300 and 1,000 mg of NR a day raised whole-blood NAD+ by 22%, 51% and 142% within two weeks, and the rise held for the rest of the study. There were no reports of flushing (Conze et al., 2019). ChromaDex, which makes Niagen, funded the trial, and two of the three authors worked for the company. Raising NAD+ in blood is a measurable change, but it has not been shown to slow aging in people.

Who it suits: people who want the NAD+ route with the ingredient used in most published NR research. The brand says over 75% of published peer-reviewed clinical studies on NR use Niagen. Who it doesn’t: anyone expecting to feel a difference, since NAD+ changes show up in blood tests rather than in how you feel. Our methylene blue vs NMN comparison explains how the NAD+ route differs from ours.

#3. Timeline Mitopure Softgels: Best for Muscle Strength With Age

Timeline Mitopure is the newest ingredient on this list with human trials behind it. It supplies urolithin A, a compound that gut bacteria make from plant foods and that lab studies link to mitophagy, the process that clears out worn mitochondria. The label serving is 2 vegan softgels a day for 500 mg of urolithin A. A 60-softgel pack, one month, costs $99, or $3.30 a day, and $89 a month on subscription. Timeline offers a 30-day money-back guarantee.

Two randomized trials used this ingredient. In the first, 88 sedentary, overweight adults aged 40 to 65 took 500 mg, 1,000 mg or placebo for four months. Average peak torque in the hamstring muscle rose by 12% at 500 mg and by 9.8% at 1,000 mg compared with placebo, but the primary endpoint, peak power output, did not improve significantly (Singh et al., 2022). Amazentis, the company behind Mitopure, sponsored the study, and most of the authors worked for it or advised it.

In the second trial, 66 adults aged 65 to 90 took 1,000 mg or placebo for four months. The two primary endpoints, six-minute walk distance and maximal ATP production in a hand muscle, did not improve significantly against placebo. Muscle endurance in a hand muscle and a leg muscle did improve, and several blood markers linked to mitochondrial health fell. Amazentis funded this trial as well (Liu et al., 2022). That is a real but narrow result, and the authors themselves say it needs confirming.

Who it suits: adults who care most about muscle and mitochondrial markers and accept the price. Who it doesn’t: anyone on a tight budget, since it is the most expensive daily product here, and anyone hoping for a change in skin. Our roundup of the best mitochondrial support supplements compares it with other mitochondria-focused products.

#4. Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides Advanced: Best for Skin

Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides Advanced is a powder made from bovine collagen peptides, with hyaluronic acid and vitamin C added. The label serving is 3 tablespoons (about 21 g) mixed into 8 fl oz of liquid, which provides 20 g of collagen peptides, 90 mg of vitamin C and 120 mg of hyaluronic acid. The 20 oz tub holds about 27 servings for $49.99, which works out to about $1.85 a serving. A smaller 9.33 oz tub costs $29.99. Vitamin C is a cofactor your body needs to make its own collagen, which is why many skin formulas include it.

Collagen has more human trials for skin than anything else on this list, and it is also the clearest example of why funding matters. A 2021 meta-analysis of 19 randomized trials with 1,125 participants aged 20 to 70, 95% of them women, found better skin hydration, elasticity and wrinkle scores with hydrolyzed collagen than with placebo, typically after about 90 days (de Miranda et al., 2021). A 2025 meta-analysis of 23 trials with 1,474 participants split the studies by funding source. Trials funded by companies showed benefits. Trials without company funding, and the high-quality trials, showed no significant effect on hydration, elasticity or wrinkles (Myung and Park, 2025).

Who it suits: people whose main goal is skin, who like a powder they can stir into coffee or a smoothie, and who also want the protein. Who it doesn’t: vegetarians and vegans, since it comes from cattle, and anyone who wants firm independent evidence before spending money.

#5. Life Extension NAD+ Cell Regenerator and Resveratrol Elite: NAD+ Plus Resveratrol

Life Extension NAD+ Cell Regenerator and Resveratrol Elite uses the same Niagen ingredient as Tru Niagen, 300 mg of NR chloride per vegetarian capsule, and adds small amounts of three polyphenols. Per capsule, the label lists 10 mg of trans-resveratrol, 5 mg of quercetin and 0.4 mg of fisetin, each in a blend with fenugreek galactomannans. A 30-capsule bottle costs $45.00, or $1.50 a day, and $38.50 on AutoShip.

If you searched for the best sirtuin supplement, this is the product on our list that combines the two ingredients people usually mean. Resveratrol became famous because early lab work tied it to sirtuins, and NR supplies the NAD+ those enzymes use. Two cautions apply. The resveratrol dose here is small, at 10 mg, so the NR does most of the work. And resveratrol’s own lifespan record is weak: in the same mouse testing program that studied methylene blue, resveratrol did not significantly change survival in males or females (Miller et al., 2011).

Who it suits: people who want Niagen at a slightly lower daily cost than Tru Niagen, with a little resveratrol included. Who it doesn’t: anyone who wants a meaningful resveratrol dose, which this capsule does not provide.

#6. Life Extension Ubiquinol CoQ10 with Mitochondrial Support: Best CoQ10

Life Extension Ubiquinol CoQ10 with Mitochondrial Support supplies CoQ10 in its reduced form, ubiquinol, from Kaneka, at 100 mg per softgel, plus 100 mg of a shilajit fulvic acid complex. The label serving is one softgel a day with food. A 60-softgel bottle costs $42.00, or $0.70 a day, and $34.00 on AutoShip. The softgel is made with sunflower oil and gelatin.

CoQ10 is the closest cousin to methylene blue on this list. It is the natural electron carrier in the same mitochondrial chain, and the body makes it itself. For skin, the best human data are small. In a 12-week double-blind trial of 33 healthy people, 50 or 150 mg a day of a water-soluble CoQ10 reduced wrinkles and microrelief lines and improved skin smoothness, but it did not change skin hydration or dermis thickness (Žmitek et al., 2017). That study used a different CoQ10 form from this softgel.

Who it suits: people who want CoQ10 in its reduced form at a low daily cost. Who it doesn’t: vegetarians, because of the gelatin. Our methylene blue vs CoQ10 comparison sets out how the two differ, and our list of the best CoQ10 supplements covers other brands and forms.

#7. Oxford Healthspan Primeadine Original: Best Spermidine

Primeadine Original is a spermidine supplement made from defatted wheat germ sourced in Japan. The label serving is 3 capsules a day with your first or last meal, building up from one capsule on the first day, and each serving provides 1 mg of spermidine. A 90-capsule bottle, one month, costs $90.00, or $3.00 a day. Because it comes from wheat, it contains about 40 mg of gluten per serving, and the brand says it is not suitable for people with celiac disease or gluten intolerance. A gluten-free version, Primeadine GF, is sold separately.

On testing, the product page shows a report from Delta Labs of South Florida for capsule lot T-507, with arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium below the finished-product limits and negative results for the listed bacteria. Spermidine is studied because it promotes autophagy in lab and animal work. The largest human trial is sobering. In the 12-month SmartAge trial, 100 adults aged 60 to 90 took a wheat germ spermidine supplement at 0.9 mg a day or placebo, and memory performance did not change compared with placebo (Schwarz et al., 2022).

Who it suits: people who want the autophagy route from a whole-food source and accept that human results so far are neutral. Who it doesn’t: anyone avoiding gluten, unless they choose the GF version, and anyone looking for a short-term effect they can measure.

#8. Life Extension Senolytic Activator: Lowest Cost

Life Extension Senolytic Activator is taken once a week, not daily. The label serving is 3 capsules once weekly, and a 36-capsule bottle holds 12 servings, which lasts about 12 weeks. Each serving provides 56 mg of fisetin, 275 mg of theaflavins from decaffeinated black tea, 25 mg of quercetin and 50 mg of apigenin. The regular price is $20.25, or $1.69 a week, which makes it the cheapest product here over a month.

Senolytics aim to clear senescent cells, which stop dividing and release inflammatory signals as they accumulate. The best-known evidence is in mice. In a 2018 study, fisetin was the most potent senolytic of 10 flavonoids tested, and giving it to mice late in life extended their median and maximum lifespan (Yousefzadeh et al., 2018). There is no published human trial of this formula, and mouse results often fail to carry over to people.

Who it suits: people who want to try the senolytic idea cheaply and like a once-a-week routine. Who it doesn’t: anyone who wants human evidence first, and anyone who takes regular medicines without checking the ingredients with a pharmacist.

How We Ranked These Anti-Aging Supplements

Our own methylene blue sits at #1 because we make it and believe in its low-dose, low-cost approach. We have said so at every step, and the facts about it are the same ones we give on our product pages. For #2 to #8 we weighed four things, in this order:

1. Human evidence for a measurable outcome. Randomized, placebo-controlled trials in people counted most, then their size and whether anyone other than the maker ran them. Cell and mouse studies counted, but for less.
2. Dose match. We checked whether the label dose is close to the dose the trials used. Mitopure’s 500 mg matches one of its trial arms, while the Life Extension NAD+ formula contains only 10 mg of resveratrol.
3. Label transparency. Every product here lists the amount of each active ingredient. We excluded products that hide doses in proprietary blends without stating the active amount.
4. Cost per serving. We divided the one-time price by the label servings in the container.

That puts Tru Niagen second for its reliable effect on blood NAD+, and Mitopure third for two trials with functional outcomes, both sponsored by its maker. Collagen has the most trials, but the independent ones are negative, so it sits fourth. We did not rank by star ratings or customer reviews, because a top-rated listing mostly reflects marketing reach rather than evidence.

New Anti-Aging Supplements: What Has Changed

A number of newer ingredients now sit alongside the older antioxidants and vitamins, and the research behind them has matured in different ways.

• NAD+ precursors (NR and NMN) are the most talked-about. The rise in blood NAD+ is reliable in human trials. Whether that rise changes how people age has not been shown.
• Urolithin A is the newest ingredient here with randomized human trials that measure function, in this case muscle strength and endurance. Both trials were sponsored by the maker.
• Spermidine had a large 12-month trial in older adults, and memory did not improve.
• Senolytics such as fisetin and quercetin rest mostly on mouse studies. Human trials are small and early.
• Methylene blue has drawn fresh interest for mitochondrial energy support. Its skin data come from cells and lab-grown skin models, and its mouse lifespan study was neutral for median lifespan.

If a product claims to be scientifically proven to turn back your biological age, it is making a claim that no published human trial supports. The honest version is narrower: some of these ingredients change a marker, a muscle test or a skin score, and the rest are promising in the lab.

Do Anti-Aging Supplements Actually Work?

Some change something you can measure. None has been shown to extend human life. The strongest human data in this guide are for NR, which raises blood NAD+, and for urolithin A, which improved some muscle measures in two maker-sponsored trials. Collagen improves skin scores in company-funded trials, but not in independent ones. Methylene blue, fisetin and spermidine act on well-studied aging processes, but most of that evidence comes from cells and animals.

It helps to know how the most effective-sounding claims are built. A study of human cells in a dish or of mice can show a large effect, and a label then borrows the language without the context. When you read reviews of the best anti-aging supplements on the market, look for three things: a human trial, the dose it used, and who paid for it. If any of the three is missing, treat the claim as unproven.

The most useful comparison comes from a trial that tested a supplement against sunscreen. In a 4.5-year Australian trial of 903 adults younger than 55, the group that used broad-spectrum sunscreen every day showed no detectable increase in skin aging, while beta-carotene supplements had no overall effect on skin aging (Hughes et al., 2013). For visible skin aging, daily sunscreen has better evidence than any capsule.

What About Omega-3s, Vitamin C and Vitamin E?

Many mainstream anti-aging lists lead with omega-3 fats, vitamin C and vitamin E. They are missing from our ranking for a reason: they are nutrients rather than anti-aging products. Their value comes from correcting a shortfall, such as low omega-3 intake from a diet without oily fish, or low vitamin C, which your body needs to make collagen. If your diet is short on fish, vegetables, fruit and nuts, fixing that with food or a basic supplement will do more for how you look and feel than anything in the table above.

Once those basics are covered, the eight products in this guide are where the more specific, mechanism-based options sit. They make sense on top of a good baseline rather than in place of one.

How to Build a Simple Anti-Aging Routine

A short routine you keep beats a long stack you abandon. A sensible order looks like this:

1. Cover the basics first: daily sunscreen, enough protein, oily fish or an omega-3 source, and plenty of vegetables.
2. Pick one goal. For cellular energy, start with a low dose of methylene blue. For NAD+, choose NR. For skin, a collagen powder is the most studied option.
3. Add one product at a time. Give each two to three weeks before adding another, so you can tell what each one does and spot any side effects.
4. Take fat-soluble products with food. The ubiquinol softgel label says to take it with a meal.
5. Check medicines before you start. Ask a pharmacist to look over any multi-ingredient formula against the medicines you take.

Methylene blue pairs sensibly with an NAD+ product or CoQ10, since each works at a different point in energy metabolism. If you want to compare methylene blue brands before you choose, our roundup of the best methylene blue supplements sets them side by side, and our best methylene blue gummies guide covers chewable options. For a wider view of healthy-aging products, see our list of the best longevity supplements.

Safety: Methylene Blue and the Rest of This List

Methylene blue is a potent reversible inhibitor of the enzyme MAO-A (Ramsay et al., 2007). The label of the injectable drug carries a boxed warning for serotonin syndrome when it is combined with SSRIs, SNRIs, MAO inhibitors or opioids, and it lists G6PD deficiency as a contraindication because of the risk of hemolytic anemia (injection label). Do not take methylene blue if any of those apply to you, and do not take it while pregnant or breastfeeding. Read our guides to who should not take methylene blue, methylene blue and serotonin syndrome, methylene blue and G6PD deficiency and what not to take with methylene blue before your first bottle. Our page on methylene blue side effects covers what to expect in the first weeks.

For the other products, follow the label dose. Primeadine Original contains gluten. The Life Extension CoQ10 softgel contains gelatin, and the collagen powder comes from cattle. If you take prescription medicines, have a medical condition, or are pregnant or breastfeeding, talk to your doctor or pharmacist before starting any product on this list.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the best anti-aging supplement?

Our pick is NooBlue Methylene Blue, which we make: 5 mg of USP-grade methylene blue and 10 mg of vitamin C per capsule for $0.63 a day, aimed at mitochondrial energy support. No supplement has been shown to extend human lifespan, ours included. For raising blood NAD+, Tru Niagen has the clearest human data on this list, and for muscle measures, Mitopure has two randomized trials. Methylene blue is not for anyone taking serotonergic medicines.

Are there any anti-aging supplements that actually work?

Some change a measurable marker. NR raises blood NAD+ in human trials, and urolithin A improved some muscle strength and endurance measures in two maker-sponsored trials. Collagen improves skin scores in company-funded trials, but independent trials have not confirmed it. None has been shown to make people live longer. Daily sunscreen has stronger evidence for visible skin aging than any supplement.

What is the newest anti-aging supplement breakthrough?

The newest ingredient with randomized human trials is urolithin A, sold as Mitopure. In middle-aged adults, 500 mg a day for four months raised hamstring strength by 12% compared with placebo, although the trial’s primary endpoint did not improve. NAD+ precursors, spermidine and senolytics are also new to shelves, but their human results are either limited to blood markers or neutral so far.

Which anti-aging supplements have evidence for skin?

Hydrolyzed collagen has the most trials, with better hydration, elasticity and wrinkle scores in company-funded studies but no significant effect in independent ones. A small trial of CoQ10 reduced wrinkles and improved smoothness over 12 weeks. Methylene blue improved hydration and dermis thickness in a lab-grown human skin model, which is laboratory evidence rather than a trial in people. Give any skin product at least three months before you judge it.

Is methylene blue an anti-aging supplement?

It is sold to support cellular energy, and it works in the mitochondrial energy chain that aging research focuses on. In a 2017 lab study, it delayed senescence in human skin cells better than several common antioxidants. In genetically diverse mice, it did not change median lifespan, with a small 6% gain in maximum lifespan in females. We know of no human trial that has tested methylene blue for aging itself.

Is there a supplement for skin whitening and anti-aging?

None of the eight products here is made or studied for skin lightening, and we would not recommend buying any supplement for that purpose based on marketing. For even-looking, younger-looking skin, the best-tested habit is daily broad-spectrum sunscreen, which showed no detectable increase in skin aging over 4.5 years in a large Australian trial. In the same trial, beta-carotene supplements had no overall effect.

What is the strongest anti-aging supplement?

There is no single strongest or most powerful anti-aging supplement, because each product acts on a different process. By human evidence, NR has the most reliable effect on its marker, blood NAD+. By cost, our methylene blue capsules are the cheapest daily product on this list at $0.63. By dose, a higher number is not better: methylene blue has a hormetic dose response, so low doses and high doses behave differently.

NAD+ vs CoQ10 vs resveratrol: which should I take for aging?

They work at different points. NR and NMN supply the building blocks for NAD+, a coenzyme used across metabolism. CoQ10 carries electrons in the mitochondrial chain, where methylene blue also acts. Resveratrol is a plant polyphenol that early lab work tied to sirtuins, but it did not extend lifespan in the mouse testing program. If you choose one, NR has the strongest human data for its marker. If you build a stack, add one at a time.

Are anti-aging supplements safe to take every day?

Most products here are labeled for daily use, except Life Extension Senolytic Activator, which is taken once a week. Stick to the label dose. Methylene blue must not be combined with SSRIs, SNRIs, MAO inhibitors or opioids, and it is not for people with G6PD deficiency or anyone pregnant or breastfeeding. Talk to your doctor before starting any of these if you take prescription medication.

Where can I buy these anti-aging supplements?

Each brand sells direct from its own website, and the links in each section above go to the product pages we used. NooBlue methylene blue is sold at nooblue.com, with free worldwide shipping on orders of $100 or more and 30-day returns. Check the label on any retail listing, since pack sizes and prices differ between stores.

The Verdict

Our pick is NooBlue Methylene Blue: a low, fixed 5 mg dose aimed at mitochondrial energy support, a published ingredient report and a cost of $0.63 a day. For raising NAD+, Tru Niagen has the clearest human data. Mitopure is the newest ingredient with human trials, though both were sponsored by its maker. Collagen is the most studied option for skin, with the caveat that independent trials have not confirmed the benefit. Whatever you choose, treat it as support for normal cellular function rather than a way to turn back the clock, and read the safety notes first.

More from NooBlue: the benefits of methylene blue explained, methylene blue benefits for men, the NooBlue shop, all our buying guides and the NooBlue blog. Back to the NooBlue home page.

Sources

1. Rojas JC, Bruchey AK, Gonzalez-Lima F. Neurometabolic mechanisms for memory enhancement and neuroprotection of methylene blue. Progress in Neurobiology. 2012;96(1):32-45. PubMed 22067440
2. Xiong ZM, O’Donovan M, Sun L, Choi JY, Ren M, Cao K. Anti-aging potentials of methylene blue for human skin longevity. Scientific Reports. 2017;7(1):2475. PubMed 28559565
3. Harrison DE, Strong R, Allison DB, et al. Acarbose, 17-α-estradiol, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid extend mouse lifespan preferentially in males. Aging Cell. 2014;13(2):273-282. PubMed 24245565
4. Conze D, Brenner C, Kruger CL. Safety and metabolism of long-term administration of NIAGEN (nicotinamide riboside chloride) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of healthy overweight adults. Scientific Reports. 2019;9(1):9772. PubMed 31278280
5. Singh A, D’Amico D, Andreux PA, et al. Urolithin A improves muscle strength, exercise performance, and biomarkers of mitochondrial health in a randomized trial in middle-aged adults. Cell Reports Medicine. 2022;3(5):100633. PubMed 35584623
6. Liu S, D’Amico D, Shankland E, et al. Effect of urolithin A supplementation on muscle endurance and mitochondrial health in older adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open. 2022;5(1):e2144279. PubMed 35050355
7. de Miranda RB, Weimer P, Rossi RC. Effects of hydrolyzed collagen supplementation on skin aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Dermatology. 2021;60(12):1449-1461. PubMed 33742704
8. Myung SK, Park Y. Effects of collagen supplements on skin aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Medicine. 2025;138(9):1264-1277. PubMed 40324552
9. Miller RA, Harrison DE, Astle CM, et al. Rapamycin, but not resveratrol or simvastatin, extends life span of genetically heterogeneous mice. Journals of Gerontology A. 2011;66(2):191-201. PubMed 20974732
10. Žmitek K, Pogačnik T, Mervic L, Žmitek J, Pravst I. The effect of dietary intake of coenzyme Q10 on skin parameters and condition: results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. BioFactors. 2017;43(1):132-140. PubMed 27548886
11. Schwarz C, Benson GS, Horn N, et al. Effects of spermidine supplementation on cognition and biomarkers in older adults with subjective cognitive decline: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open. 2022;5(5):e2213875. PubMed 35616942
12. Yousefzadeh MJ, Zhu Y, McGowan SJ, et al. Fisetin is a senotherapeutic that extends health and lifespan. EBioMedicine. 2018;36:18-28. PubMed 30279143
13. Hughes MC, Williams GM, Baker P, Green AC. Sunscreen and prevention of skin aging: a randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;158(11):781-790. PubMed 23732711
14. Ramsay RR, Dunford C, Gillman PK. Methylene blue and serotonin toxicity: inhibition of monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) confirms a theoretical prediction. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2007;152(6):946-951. PubMed 17721552
15. ProvayBlue (methylene blue) injection, prescribing information, American Regent. DailyMed
16. Brand product pages read Sep 2026: Tru Niagen, Timeline, Vital Proteins (including the Supplement Facts panel), Life Extension and Oxford Healthspan, as linked in each section above.
17. NooBlue product pages and quality page (label amounts, prices and the CTLA ingredient report), read Sep 2026. nooblue.com/quality